Pampered Bureaucracy, Political Stability and Trade Integration

assessing political stability and instability in central asia and caucasus; case study, azerbaijan and kyrgyzstan

منطقه ی آسیای مرکزی وقفقاز به عنوان منطقه ای تاریخی و به دلیل دارا بودن ذخایر عظیم هیدرو کربنی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. کشورهای این منطقه از عوامل عمده ی بی ثباتی نظیر عوامل جغرافیایی، اقتصادی، امنیتی، اجتماعی و سیاسی رنج می برند. پس از فروپاشی اتحاد جماهیر شوروی کشورهای منطقه از نعمت استقلال ناخواسته ای برخوردار شدند که مشکلات فوق را برای آن ها چندین برابر می کرد. در این روند برخی از این...

Political Control of the Bureaucracy McNollgast

A ubiquitous feature of modern statutory law is delegation. Legislation typically delegates policy implementation to a bureaucracy. This delegation presents a dilemma. The specialized knowledge of an expert agency may be necessary to unravel the technical uncertainties surrounding the impact of alternative policy actions; however, the policy preferences of bureaucrats are often different from t...

Political Patronage, Bureaucracy and Corruption in Postwar Italy1

This paper examines the relationship between the legislature and the public administration in postwar Italy (understood as the period from about 1948 through 1994). Italian public administration is normally characterized as poorly designed and ine±cient. A principal-agent framework would lead one to believe that political control of the bureaucracy was inadequate in Italy, and that extensive bu...

R&D Spillovers, Trade Integration And Expansion Of Trade Flows In East- West Asia And Pacific

: International Trade and Political Conflict

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